1/4/2023 0 Comments State of war game download![]() Over the last two centuries, realism and liberalism have accounted for much of what has taken place in the international arena and they continue to offer prescriptions of state behaviour and its possible effects on peace in-between nation states. Two theories which take these arguments forward towards peace and resolution of conflicts in international theory are realism and liberalism. Establishment of nation states in the 16 th century raised issues about whether human freedom and independence was central or the establishment of the state and its survival was the primary aim of political discourse. To understand the prospects for peace in international relations, one must understand as to why war is such a reoccurring event in the history of nation-states and also the nature of international affairs and the determining factors which cause action, reaction, cooperation, hostility and peace between states in the international system. Theorists have outlined them and literature has shed light on these hurdles whereas in some cases the pre-occupation with peace has also led towards a more hostile state of international affairs amongst nations as well as peoples. Nonetheless, there are still considerable obstacles that remain in the pursuit of peace. Theories have come to light which illuminate our understanding of how nations interact, what causes them to go to war, what motivations might they have to establish peace and how these causes and motivations might be managed to reach a stage where peace is not “an armistice in a war” as Thucydides (431BCE) stated but “a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice” as Baruch Spinoza (1670) considered it to be. However, in the last three centuries, relations between nation-states have taken the central stage. Theories of peace and war have been central to this cognitive exercise. Peace has been central to this process of inquiry and thought which has led humanity to its present condition. From Plato’s time to the contemporary period of political science and international relations theorizing, philosophers and theorists have been primarily concerned with discovering human nature, its role in social and political life as well as ways and means of giving meaning to human life. ![]() War was all too often of an occurrence in ancient Greece, so much so that it might’ve been considered a necessity in some cases but a menace in others. When Plato said that only the dead have seen the end of war, his remarks echoed the history of his time. We can do that - for that is the story of human progress that is the hope of all the world and at this moment of challenge, that must be our work here on Earth” – Barack Obama “We can understand that there will be war, and still strive for peace. ![]() “Only the dead have seen the end of war” – Plato ![]()
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